Characteristics of Giant Silkworm Moths and Royal Moths

Even people with no particular love of insects find the giant moths (and caterpillars) of the family Saturniidae fascinating. The name is thought to refer to the large eyespots found on the wings of some species. The eyespots contain concentric rings, reminiscent of the planet Saturns rings. These showy moths are easy to rear in captivity if you can find enough foliage to keep their very hungry caterpillars fed. Physical Characteristics Among the Saturniids, we find the largest moth species in North America: the luna moth, the cecropia moth, the polyphemus moth, the imperial moth, the io moth, the Promethea moth, and the royal walnut moth. The cecropia moth is a giant among giants, with the longest wingspan—a remarkable 5-7 inches—of all. Some Saturniids may seem dwarf-like compared to their gigantic cousins, but even the smallest of the wild silkworm moths measures a respectable 2.5 cm in wide. Giant silkworm moths and royal moths are often brightly colored, which may mislead first-time observers to refer to them as butterflies. Like most moths, however, Saturniids hold their wings flat against their bodies when at rest, and usually have stout, hairy bodies. They also bear feathery antennae (often bi-pectinate in form, but sometimes quadri-pectinate), which are quite conspicuous in males. Saturniid caterpillars are hefty, and often covered with spines or protuberances. These tubercles give the caterpillar a threatening look, but in most cases, theyre quite harmless. Do beware of the io moth caterpillar, though. Its branched spines pack a painful dose of venom and will inflict a long-lasting sting. Classification Kingdom: AnimaliaPhylum: ArthropodaClass: InsectaOrder: LepidopteraFamily: Saturniidae Diet Adult silkworm and royal moths dont feed at all, and most have only vestigial mouthparts. Their larvae, however, are a different story. The largest caterpillars in this group can exceed 5 inches in length in their final instar, so you can imagine how much they eat. Many feed on common trees and shrubs, including hickories, walnuts, sweetgum, and sumac; some can cause significant defoliation. Life Cycle All giant silkworm moths and royal moths undergo complete metamorphosis with four life stages: egg, larva, pupa, and adult. In the Saturniids, an adult female may lay several hundred eggs during her brief lifetime, but perhaps only 1% will survive to their own adulthood. This family overwinters in the pupal stage, often in silken cocoons joined to twigs or nestled in a protective envelope of leaves. Special Adaptations and Behaviors Female Saturniid moths invite males to mate by releasing a sex pheromone from a special gland at the end of their abdomens. The male moths are renowned for their determination and unwavering focus on the task of locating the receptive female. They have a keen sense of smell, thanks to their feathery antennae brimming with sensilla. Once a male giant silkworm moth catches a whiff of a females scent, he will not be deterred by foul weather, nor does he let physical obstacles impede his progress. A Promethea moth male holds the long-distance record for following a females pheromones. He flew an incredible 23 miles to find his mate! Home Range References vary greatly in their accounting of how many Saturniid species live worldwide, but most authors seem to accept a number in the range of 1200-1500 species. About 70 species inhabit North America. Sources Family Saturniidae - Giant Silkworm and Royal Moths, Bugguide.net. Accessed January 10, 2013.Saturniidae, Butterflies and Moths of North America. Accessed January 10, 2013.Saturniid Moths, University of Kentucky Entomology. Accessed January 10, 2013.The Wild Silk Moths of North America: A Natural History of the Saturniidae of the United States and Canada, by Paul M. Tuskes, James P. Tuttle, and Michael M. Collins.

Young Girls with Eating Disorders Essay - 1761 Words

You open up a magazine and fine a beautiful woman who is 110 pounds soaking wet. Her eyes are the starring straight at the camera with her thin lips clinched together and her neck slightly raised. This in my most cases is what beauty is brought out to be. Sometimes you have to ask yourself, how many of those girls do you actually see? For others its, how do I become that? nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Many teen girls suffer with anorexia nervosa, an eating disorder in which girls use starvation diets to try to lose weight. They starve themselves down to skeletal thinness yet still think that they are overweight. Bulimia, meanwhile, is a disorder in which young women binge on food and then force themselves to vomit. They also often use†¦show more content†¦Interestingly enough, girls who are more involved in mixed-sex social activities and dating boys are also more likely to exhibit disordered eating tendencies. (http://www.health.uottawa.ca/hkgrad/mllab/eatdisfg.html). nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Thus, eating disorders must be studied in the context of what certain individuals face during their developmental stage, or what they may have suffered in childhood. In general, a combination of the pubertal phase of the female body, the loosening of the individuals ties to parents, and the development of a stable and cohesive personality structure play impacting roles in this process. Families that set high standards for achievement, gave little support for self-direction, and blurred interpersonal boundaries left adolescent girls with deficits in their self-esteem. (http://www.jrf.org.uk/knowledge/findings/socialpolicy/n71.asp)It makes sense in a very complex way that young girls who have been abused in this way end up quot;controllingquot; things that are ultimately not good for them. For instance, a young girl who was made to feel powerless in some ways in her family (ex. sexual or physical abuse) may end up feeling a sense of individual identity if she c an quot;controlquot;, for example, when she vomits and when she does not. Now, at least, she can have control over something in her life. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Personality factorsShow MoreRelatedEating Disorders : A Young Girl Named Amy1052 Words   |  5 PagesNovember 30, 2015 Worth the Weight A young girl named Amy who was only about 18 years of age, suffered from an eating disorder known as anorexia nervosa. She took time to realize she had an eating disorder, and she was also in denial. Amy thought everyone was just jealous of her self-control to be thin. An eating disorder is generally defined as any range of psychological disorders characterized by abnormal or disturbed eating habits. There are various eating disorders but the three main ones are anorexiaRead MoreThe Effects Of Eating Disorders On Women And Young Girls839 Words   |  4 PagesEating disorders appear to be something that is more common in this country and ignored. Media portrays people do be a certain body frame and it is talked about who has the right body shape and who does not. This makes it extremely difficult for people, especially women. Media and other people put a huge pressure on women and young girls to have a certain body image and shape to be â€Å"beautiful† or more attractive espe cially to the other gender. This can be a lot of the times when eating disordersRead MoreMass Media And The Entertainment Industry949 Words   |  4 Pagesmass media and the entertainment industry should be responsible for causing eating disorders in young girls, while others believe differently. I believe that mass media and the entertainment industry portray beauty in a deadly way, since they establish a false image of a â€Å"perfect† woman. Others think that mass media and the entertainment industry should not be accountable for eating disorders because they argue that young individuals are held responsible for themselves. Society cannot blame somethingRead MoreThe Influence Of Media Reporting On Society s Perception Of Beauty1730 Words   |  7 Pagesthat over the last decade the media has created an image that is unrealistic and unattainable for teenage girls. As such, based upon a macro perspective, the societal roles, status and expectations of young women have been impacted negatively. This paper will analyze how the combination of media reporting, socioeconomics and sociocultural factors contribute to the development of eating disorders as well as how society s perception of beauty has been distorted. This paper will further support the notionRead MoreResponsibility of the Fashion Model Industry1505 Words   |  7 Pageswhat an average young woman views as an ideal image for a female. If you don’t resem ble the images of those stunning Victoria Secret models and Fashion Week models, you suddenly become ashamed of your own body. It is a great life to have with the high pay, fame, drinking champagne on a yacht with famous celebrities and even being on the Vogue cover page. Fashion Modeling Industry has been the most influential source in our young women’s lives. Young girls and young women are seen eating as little asRead MoreWhy Is Unhealthy Perceived As Sexy?1503 Words   |  7 PagesWhy is Unhealthy perceived as sexy? A young teenager sits in her bed watching angels glide across the runway at the Victoria’s Secret Fashion show. These beautiful, skinny, perfect girls dance around the screen as they smile and show off their bodies. The young girl looks at her own body, feeling dread and hatred. She wants to look like the girls on the screen, and she actually believes it is possible. She has been working so hard to get a body that she believes is perfect, and she believes nothingRead MoreThe Problem Of Teenage Girls1343 Words   |  6 PagesThey Are All Beautiful Not a lot of people truly know how hard it is for teenage girls to live up to the standards presented to them. Seventy-four percent of teenage girls say there is a lot of pressure when it come to pleasing everyone (Girls Inc, The Supergirl Dilemma). That percentage is astronomically high. Females this young should not have to worry about things as superficial as looks at this age. Teenage years are supposed to be the best years of a person’s life and time should not be wastedRead MoreThe Between Media And Body Image1348 Words   |  6 PagesSharlene Nagy 12). The media representation of the thin ideal has been connected to the predominance of body image dissatisfaction and dieting disorders. This is also one of the important reason about the connection between the media and body image. This connection is serious because low body image sometimes leads to disordered eating (anorexia, bulimia, binge eating), which in turn can lead to death in the United States. Mass media does not measured healthy habit. It is only measured women waist, hipRead MoreMedia s Portrayal Of Women1155 Words   |  5 Pagesmay feel depresssed and may want to look like the model through unsafe dieting and other eating disorders. The media has affected girls as young as six years old into changing their appearance to look similar to those idealized in television and magazines. The mass media’s portrayal of women today sets standards of beauty that are highly unattainable and unrealistic, leading to an increase of eating disorders and a negative view of self image. People are exposed to as many as two hundred and fiftyRead MoreThe Resaons for Eating Disorders1640 Words   |  7 Pagesthey see on TV. The media has a big part in self-image toward young woman. The message being sent to these women on the media is that they are not pretty enough or thin enough. Which results in people having an eating disorder. According to the National Eating Disorders Association (NEDA), as many as 60 percent of children between ages 6 and 12 worry about weight gain, and half American teens think they’re overweight. (Turner, 2014) Girls want to lose huge amounts of weight because they think they

Report on Sydney Water Company-Free-Samples-Myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Write a report on Sydney Water Company. Answer: Introduction: Water is the essential part of everyones life. Without water, not a single living thing can survive in this world (Singh 2014). Sydney Water Company is a statutory corporation, which is meant to provide regulated water service to the Australian citizens (Marques, Cruz and Pires 2015). The government owned water supplier are consist of both the legal and enforcing agencies that aids the Sydney water company to regulate the water supply throughout the country. This report of Sydney Water Company is meant to analyze the function of this government owned statutory body and its need for the Australian citizens. The report has checked various advantages and limitation of the Sydney water company and its competition with its rival organisations. To conclude it has provided some notable points that the firm can use to improve their organisational structure, service quality and water supply in the various states of the Australia. Establish history of Sydney Water Company: According to the Economic Water Scarcity, Australia may face serious threat in coming days if it fails to investment in its infrastructure (Qureshi, Hanjra and Ward 2013). It would be hard for the Australia to draw water from aquifers, rivers and other ground or surface water sources due to lack of water treatment plants and technologies. Back in 1888, Board of Water Supply and Sewage was formed in the Sydney (Sydneywater.com.au, 2017). Since then, the name of the organisation has been changed many times, and with the sixth time change in name the Sydney water company, present name came into existence back in 1999 (Hamilton and Penny 2015). Previously it was a corporation, which was a state owned limited company; however, back in 2001 the limited part has been dropped making it a statutory body for regulating water supply in the Australia. Purpose of Sydney Water Company: Sydney Water Company is Australia's biggest water and wastewater specialist organization, and their clients are at the heart of all that they do. They give protected, invigorating drinking water to five million clients crosswise over Sydney, Illawarra and the Blue Mountains (Sydneywater.com.au, 2017). They likewise take care of wastewater, Water recyling, some storm water administrations to guarantee that countrys waterways are solid, and shorelines are perfect. Sydney Water Company is an association cantered around the future, and they work with their partners and controllers to settle on brilliant business choices that guarantee they are doing their part to upgrade our city's maintainability and way of life, now and for quite a long time to come. Principle objectives of the Sydney Water Company are as follows (Chong 2014): Protecting public health Protection to the environment Making the business of Sydney Water Company more profitable Activities done by Sydney Water Company: Sydney Water Supply is one of the largest companies in Australia that provides potable drinking water, storm water and performs water management. It has been operational since 1985 and until now, it has done various activities to bring down the water scarcity in Australia. Some of the recent activities that make the Sydney Water Company best among all are mentioned below (Annual report 2016-2017, 2017): It serves more than 12,700 sq. Kilometres landscape of Australia Now it can produce 551,406 million litres of fresh water for the Australian citizens in a year. More than 4,944,000 Australian people are having benefits of the Sydney Water Supply system. In October 2016, Sydney Water Supply reported a $2.2 billion speculation to construct new foundation and redesign existing resources, with Western Sydney. SWOT analysis of Sydney Water Company: SWOT is the tool that explains the strength, weakness, opportunity and the threat of an organisation (Verboncu and Condurache 2016). Using this external analysis mechanism, advantages, disadvantages, competition and opportunities to grow of Sydney Water Company can easily be discussed. Advantage of Sydney Water Company: Sydney Water Company is one of the best organisations among various other water service providers in Australia. It not only provides potable drinking water but also provides wastewater, storm water and water management service on behalf of the South Wales Government. According to the SWOT analysis of the Sydney Water Company, various advantages of this organisation can be found, which are as follow (Grafton, Chu and Kompas 2015): Sydney Water Company enjoys monopoly in water supplying all around the Sydney since its introduction Sydney Water Company has lot of potential to become the largest supplier of the renewable energy in Australia Produces generous measure of vitality needs from sustainable power source Decreased natural effect on services and products Energy creation utilizing the gasses produced at water treatment plants Disadvantage of Sydney Water Company: Being one of the renowned brand in Australia and the market leader in Sydney, Sydney Water Company has very few disadvantages. The disadvantages are mentioned below: The Sydney Water Company has faced criticism back in 1998 due to Sydney Water Crisis (Troy 2013). Global firm that provides potable drinking water has large amount of operational zone compared to the Sydney Water Company. Owing to the small scale of operation, Sydney Water Company has failed to become a global competitor in the field of water supplying. It has limited amount of flexibility because the Australian government operates it. Competition of Sydney Water Company: The Sydney Water Company has main rivalry from its global counterparts that has large amount of operation throughout the world and can provide the same service as the Sydney Water Company at a lower cost due to their economies of scale. Thus, if the Sydney Water Company wants to hold its position, then it has to become more efficient and more productive in their business. Besides this, it has opportunities to grow its business by providing hydroelectric and natural gas power generation. Conclusion: According to the above analysis, it has been found that Sydney Water Supply has performed really well over the last three decades. It has helped the Australian citizens to have clean drinking water and has substantially enhanced the usage of renewable energy in the country. However, there were cases like Sydney Water Crisis of 1998 that has hampered the growth of this industrial and residential water trading institution, but it managed to overcome the situation owing to its good quality service. To conclude it can be said that Sydney Water Supply is certainly an outstanding organisation, however it need to improve itself in order to withstand the demand of the future generations. Recommendation: Sydney Water Supply is certainly the best organisation that provides clean and potable drinking water to the Australian citizens; however, it has certain limitations and drawbacks. If the firm wants to become the market leader, then it has to be the more potent and need to extend its operations. Some of the recommendations for the Sydney Water Supply Has been provided below, which will help it to become the best firm in the Australia that provides fresh and potable water: Expansion is the key to the growth of any organisation, so does the in case of the Sydney Water Supply. If it wants to become the market leader, then it has to expand its business to the various other states of the country. Better crisis management is required to tackle with the water shortage during the summer seasons. Sydney Water Supply needs to implement their latest renovation plan in order to overcome the water scarcity in future. Sydney Water Supply should be act as an autonomous body rather than working under the whip of government. It would bring clarity and efficiency in the work of the industrial and residential water supply trader. References: Annual report 2016-2017. (2017). [ebook] Sydney: Sydney Water Company. Available at: https://www.sydneywater.com.au/web/groups/publicwebcontent/documents/document/zgrf/mty4/~edisp/dd_168714.pdf [Accessed 15 Dec. 2017]. Chong, J., 2014. Climate-readiness, competition and sustainability: an analysis of the legal and regulatory frameworks for providing water services in Sydney.Water Policy,16(1), pp.1-18. Grafton, R.Q., Chu, L. and Kompas, T., 2015. Optimal water tariffs and supply augmentation for cost-of-service regulated water utilities.Utilities Policy,34, pp.54-62. Hamilton, R. and Penny, D., 2015. Ecological history of Lachlan Nature Reserve, Centennial Park, Sydney, Australia: a palaeoecological approach to conservation.Environmental Conservation,42(1), pp.84-94. Marques, R.C., da Cruz, N.F. and Pires, J., 2015. Measuring the sustainability of urban water services.Environmental Science Policy,54, pp.142-151. Qureshi, M.E., Hanjra, M.A. and Ward, J., 2013. Impact of water scarcity in Australia on global food security in an era of climate change.Food Policy,38, pp.136-145. Singh, P., 2014. Change in Water Cycle-Important Issue on Climate Earth System. In40th COSPAR Scientific Assembly(Vol. 40). Sydneywater.com.au. (2017).Annual Report. [online] Available at: https://www.sydneywater.com.au/SW/about-us/our-publications/annual-report/index.htm [Accessed 15 Dec. 2017]. Sydneywater.com.au. (2017).History of Sydney Water. [online] Available at: https://www.sydneywater.com.au/SW/education/Watermanagement/HistoryofSydneyswater/index.htm [Accessed 15 Dec. 2017]. Troy, P., 2013.Troubled waters: Confronting the water crisis in Australia's cities(p. 217). ANU Press. Verboncu, I. and Condurache, A., 2016. Diagnostics vs. SWOT Analysis.Revista de Management Comparat International,17(2), p.114

Science with ICT

Introduction Literacy is one of the key aspects in career and personal development of almost every individual. It also determines the degree of success achieved by individuals. Literacy can be defined as the ability to read, write, understand or use different types of information. This term has been expanded to refer to a range of knowledge, and skills related to science, and mathematics, among other subjects. This reflects on the changes that have taken place in the last few decades not only on technology but also on the school curriculum.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Science with ICT specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Technology has gone through deep changes and this has resulted in the use of key science concepts across many occupations. Science has been recognized as one of the most important subject and has become an academic requirement for job recruitment in many occupations. The literacy levels have incr eased significantly compared to the past two decades and many people are now able to participate in the society and even to understand key issues affecting the society. Technology and science encompass all facades of life ranging from how people work, converse, do their shopping or pay out bills. It has become an important aspect of life without which is it difficult to live in the society. This paper looks at the importance of scientific skills and knowledge to an individual, society and the nation at large. It also looks at how the subject has developed from a traditionally to a modern perspective and changes expected to occur in future. Importance of scientific skills While theoretical arguments from the literature on science and innovation suggest that the set of skills scientist acquire during research process may not only be important input into other types of activities, it can be suggested that, the results of research studies have received by far the most attention in innov ation studies. The results show that scientific skills are indeed rated more important than propositional knowledge both for the categories of knowledge classified as specific as well as for non-specific knowledge categories. This indicates that methodological knowledge carries a higher potential for the creation of economic value in areas other than basic research (Terry 2006) The world has become complex and individuals have to acquire some level of proficiency in scientific knowledge as well as reading in order to comprehend and take part in economic and social life. The level of literacy in the society determines the performance of a country in economic terms. The world has also gone through substantial changes from what it was in the past generation. Moreover, through innovation in technology, the procedure for working has been altered, there has been an raise in global competition, and the labour market has developed from being agricultural based and it is now based on service s. These changes among many others have resulted in an increase in the requirement of skills in almost all sectors of the economy (Terry 2006). Scientific skills and knowledge have become a determining factor of how well a country performs in the global economy.Advertising Looking for essay on education? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Countries with a large pool of scientific skills are better placed to deal with the challenges that come about with globalization. Also countries that have a population of strong literacy skills and knowledge are better placed to tackle the social challenges they are confronted with. It is alleged that, a populace with high scientific skills is in a superior position to meet the multifaceted challenges of governance in a diverse society. Such a population is also able to take care of its health problems and other related issues. Scientific Literacy Scientific literacy can be defined as the scien tific knowledge possessed by individuals and the application of that knowledge in identifying questions, acquiring new knowledge, explaining scientific happenings, and drawing convincing conclusions on issues related to science. It can also be defined as understanding the features of science, knowledge of science and technology and how it shape materials, and enthusiasm to participate in science correlated issues. This can be summarized in a single term as scientific knowledge. This keeps on changing with time depending on attitudes and skills. Scientific skills need to be updated as technology changes in order to be able to solve problems, make decisions in the rapidly changing world. Students need to become lifelong learners and uphold an intelligence of what goes on in the world. Although specific knowledge attainment is vital in school learning, the relevance of that knowledge in adult life depends critically on the individual’s attainment of broader perceptions and skill s. In reading, the capacity to develop interpretations of written material and to reflect on the content and qualities of text are essential skills. In sciences, being able to reason quantitatively and to correspond to relationships or dependencies is more significant than the ability to answer well-known textbook questions when it comes to deploying scientific skills in everyday life. In science, having specific knowledge, such as the names of specific plants and animals, is of less value than an understanding of broad concepts and topics such as energy consumption, biodiversity and human health in thinking about the issues of science under debate in the adult community. Teaching Science Subject In the present information age that is fuelled by technology, students need not only to understand the concepts and processes of science, but also how to apply the scientific skills acquired in class to become effective members of the rapidly changing world of the 21st century. To be scient ifically literate, a student has to possess a set of scientific skills that merges the knowledge of science concepts and facts and the ability to use language to communicate about these facts. It is therefore the responsibility of teachers to ensure that their students are able to internalize scientific habits, for instance the ability to separate opinion from fact. If students are to become influential adults of the 21st century, who are capable of making informed decisions and taking effective actions, then they must be able and willing to absorb scientific habits into their pattern of thoughts so that such habits become part of their thinking even after leaving school.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Science with ICT specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The possession of scientific skills and knowledge has become an important asset in the present generation and it is clear that, it might become more important in the near future. Educators therefore have an opportunity of merging the teaching of both science and language literacy in order to strengthen the students’ skills. Studies have revealed that children’s language can be developed through science and increased knowledge of languages is positively related to the development of scientific ideas. Moreover, researchers have found out that students learn science better if they are able to read and write about their thinking and through this process they are able to acquire new ideas and relationships with prior knowledge. This integration between science and language may also provide a feedback to the writer and encourage personal involvement. Science and language have therefore become inseparable subjects in the learning of scientific facts and also in the application of scientific skills and knowledge. These reciprocal skills give teachers and students a unique leverage: by merging science and language in the classroom, teac hers can help students learn both subjects more effectively. Scientific Skills and Experiments Through research, it has become clear that students learn better when they experience something by doing it practically instead of reading it in class or from the text-book. When students act like scientists, they make use of language to recognize, organize and internalize scientific concepts and principles. Science is a practical subject that can only be understood clearly through experiments. Experiments provide literacy opportunities for science students that help them enrich the context and effectively expand their personal structures of science knowledge by improving their language skills. Research has shown that true learning takes place only when students engage with information and processes deeply enough to weave that content into their personal views and understandings of how the world works. The use of experiments or practical applications gives equal weight to knowledge and ski lls, scientific facts, and processes. It emphasizes concepts more than rote formulas and learning science in a personal and social context rather than through abstractions (Ward, et al 2008). Teachers must rely on students’ language skills if they are to succeed in taking students beyond the formulaic aspects of science. By embedding an inquiry within both the context of students’ lives and string science content, and then sequencing investigations as part of a larger curricula design, teachers can reach their instructional goals for science and English at the same time.Advertising Looking for essay on education? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Introduction of Science as a Core Subject The introduction of the science subject into the curriculum was faced with many challenges. However, it is one of the success stories of the National Curriculum. The biggest surprise for many teachers, especially the primary school teachers, was the inclusion of science as a core subject. Since its inception, the progress in terms of the amount and quality of science work going on in primary classrooms has changed considerably. A valuable aspect of the development of science has been the increasing interest in and understanding of the nature of children’s learning in science. The framework for analyzing learning of skills and processes, knowledge and understanding and attitudes, articulated by early science curriculum developers remains appropriate in the current climate. However, research carried out in 1990s provided new insights into the relationship between these dimensions (Meadows 2004). Most of the scientific research is aimed at addressing the question of how young children learn to behave scientifically and how their scientific ideas about the world around them develop. Research project have pointed out that learners actively construct ideas for themselves and that existing ideas that student bring to the classroom have s significant influence on the development of new ideas. They place emphasis upon the inextricable links between the process skills students’ use and the concepts they develop. Scientific activity involves exploratory work, which ideally will lead to questions that can be investigated systematically. Crucially, these approaches take children’s existing ideas seriously, using them as the basis for deciding upon appropriate teacher interventions aimed at supporting learners in using their skills and the processes of science to test out their own or other people’s ideas. Before the introduction of science as a core subject in the school curriculum, good practice in scie nce was evident in some classrooms and schools. However, with the introduction of science as a core subject, teachers have become competent at identifying opportunities for science experiences for their students within the classroom and beyond. They are now able to plan appropriate science activities within an integrated curriculum as well as focusing at times on specific science topics (Meadows 2004). The debate concerning the relationship between process and content, skills and knowledge and understanding, have been ongoing for many years. Government intervention in the curriculum has led to the science education community becoming a much more unified voice seeking to defend the importance of process and skills in the curriculum. It has not been an easy battle and has not been one with some set-backs; however the profession has somehow won. Science Curricula in the 21st Century In the past century, the content of science curricula was dominated by the desire to provide the foundat ions for the professional training of a small number of scientists and engineers. However, with the growing role of science and technology in the 21st century, the objectives of personal fulfilment, employment and full participation in the society require all people (not only those aspiring for scientific careers) to be scientifically and technologically literate. Science literacy has become an important aspect in the understanding the environment, economy, and other issues affecting the modern society, which are directly related to the technological and scientific advances. In the past, science was a subject that was only studied by people aspiring to be scientists or engineers but with the changes brought about by technology, it has become a subject that is studied by all people of all ages. it does not matter the career that one aspires to specialize in, but mere knowledge of scientific facts and aspects is crucial if one wants to become an effective member of the society. Moreov er, a country’s performance of best students in scientific subjects may have an implication on the part played by that country in the future’s advanced technology sector, and in its global competitiveness. On the contrary, deficiencies in scientific literacy can have negative consequences on the labour market, earning prospects and participation in the society. As a result, educators and policy-markers have attached great importance in the study of scientific subjects in the school curriculum. Most of the science subjects such as chemistry, biology, and mathematics have compulsory for students in many schools unlike before when students were allowed to choose for themselves and it did matter whether they decided to take any science subject or not. Addressing the increasing demand for scientific skills requires excellence throughout the curriculum, and it is important to monitor how well countries provide young adults with fundamental skills in this area. The Future of the Science Subject The role of science subjects and consequently, the role of science educators in the curriculum have undergone evident changes within the last few years. The past two decades have seen an ongoing debate on the future of science subject in the school curriculum. The argument that sciences can no longer be retained in the traditional manner within the curriculum holds true. As the curriculum evolves, conventional courses should give way to new system of basic science instruction, recognizing that transformation in the classical ideology of basic science teaching is crucial to its subjects sustaining their position within the new curriculum. Indeed, the concept of transformation brings with it, the contemplation of identity within a new environment of schools (Ward, et al 2008). With a dissolution of input-based curricula that nurtured the traditional format of basic teaching, the challenge that now presents is that of teaching an old subject in a new world. Educator s have a growing responsibility therefore, to produce well-educated, competent scientists who are able to professionally and effectively function within the new environment. They should be able to translate scientific discoveries into practical applications and utilize electronic information technologies. A basic science course is defined by its objective in providing fundamental scientific theories and concepts necessary for application in later years. Traditionally, subjects included anatomy, physiology, biochemistry and pathology. The current teaching model includes genetics, cell and molecular biology, nutrition, and energy metabolism. Basic science subjects that have traditionally been pure content are now being utilized in order to incorporate the new trend toward holistic education. Holistic education is aimed towards encouraging intellectual, social, creative and emotional development during the learning process. One of the major factors impacting on the style of teaching is the concept of learning towards a more active learning environment. In this situation the students can learn to restructure the new information and their prior knowledge into new knowledge (Terry 2006). Changes in the approaches to science teaching are paralleled with advancements in technology. The development of more powerful computers, video cards, simulation technology and high speed internet connections has allowed educators to incorporate high quality imaging, interactive training modules, and learning experiments in the classrooms. Conclusion Science is a core subject in the curriculum. It is one of the subjects that have acquired great importance not only in the development of individual life but also the development of the society at large. Traditionally, science was only pursued by students who aspired to take scientific careers such as doctors and engineers. However, with technological advancement this has changed and every student is required to take at least one scienc e subject. It has been found out that, scientific skills and knowledge are important in career development as well as the development of a nation. A country with students that perform well in science subjects is better placed to deal with the challenges that are likely to present themselves in the near future. It has also been found that, basic scientific knowledge and skills are important in dealing with issues related to health or matters of public policies. Many organizations therefore require the possession of basic scientific skills in their recruitment process. Science has gone through substantial changes in the curriculum and its still evolving. Before the introduction of science as a core subject, teachers relied entirely on the text-book but this has changed. They have now realized that; science does not only require the understanding of basic aspects and facts but also how to apply these aspects in a real life situations. Experiments have now become an integral part in the teaching of the science subject and teachers are now relying on the use of experiments to help students understand the subject better. Changes in technology are likely to bring about changes in the approaches used in teaching and it’s therefore upon policy makers and educators to implement such changes as they occur. Reference List Meadows, J., 2004. Science and ICT in the Primary School: A Creative Approach to Big Ideas. London, Fulton. Terry, J., 2006. Thinking Skills Science. London, Hopscotch Educational. Ward, H. et al., 2008. Teaching Science in the Primary Classroom. London, SAGE Publications Ltd. This essay on Science with ICT was written and submitted by user Samiya Fleming to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Free Essays on The Courage to Be

December 18, 2001 Tillich’s Response to the Madman In some ways, Paul Tillich’s book The Courage to Be responds to Friedrich Nietzsche’s idea of â€Å"the death of God.† To understand Nietzsche’s Madman’s announcement, one must first understand Nietzsche’s idea of God. Within the subject-object structure of reality, God as a subject makes people into objects. This objectivity of humans deprives us of our subjectivity because He is all-powerful and all-knowing. We revolt and try to make Him into an object, but the revolt fails and we become desperate. In our desperation we see God as the invincible tyrant, for He is with freedom, power and knowledge, and we are without. â€Å"This is the God Nietzsche said had to be killed because nobody can tolerate being made into a mere object of absolute knowledge and absolute control.† (Tillich 185) In Nietzsche, we find a predominance of the threat of meaninglessness. As a result of this threat, we see what Tillich describes as the courage to be as oneself. Only with the death of Nietzsche’s God can one truly have the courage to be as oneself, because the death of that god represents the death of the whole system of values and meanings in which one lived (Tillich 143). Consequently, one must look within oneself, in this time of meaningless, to develop a new self-affirmation under new ideas of meaningfulness. According to Nietzsche, this is the act of humans becoming gods. The courage to be as oneself will not give the final solution, however (Tillich 141). The courage to be is rooted in the God above God. Nietzsche’s death of God is the death of a particular idea of God, not the God above God. But his â€Å"death of god† may convince others that God above God is dead, or that He is only a background figure. This is unfortunate, because only after realizing a God above God can one truly experience the courage to be.... Free Essays on The Courage to Be Free Essays on The Courage to Be December 18, 2001 Tillich’s Response to the Madman In some ways, Paul Tillich’s book The Courage to Be responds to Friedrich Nietzsche’s idea of â€Å"the death of God.† To understand Nietzsche’s Madman’s announcement, one must first understand Nietzsche’s idea of God. Within the subject-object structure of reality, God as a subject makes people into objects. This objectivity of humans deprives us of our subjectivity because He is all-powerful and all-knowing. We revolt and try to make Him into an object, but the revolt fails and we become desperate. In our desperation we see God as the invincible tyrant, for He is with freedom, power and knowledge, and we are without. â€Å"This is the God Nietzsche said had to be killed because nobody can tolerate being made into a mere object of absolute knowledge and absolute control.† (Tillich 185) In Nietzsche, we find a predominance of the threat of meaninglessness. As a result of this threat, we see what Tillich describes as the courage to be as oneself. Only with the death of Nietzsche’s God can one truly have the courage to be as oneself, because the death of that god represents the death of the whole system of values and meanings in which one lived (Tillich 143). Consequently, one must look within oneself, in this time of meaningless, to develop a new self-affirmation under new ideas of meaningfulness. According to Nietzsche, this is the act of humans becoming gods. The courage to be as oneself will not give the final solution, however (Tillich 141). The courage to be is rooted in the God above God. Nietzsche’s death of God is the death of a particular idea of God, not the God above God. But his â€Å"death of god† may convince others that God above God is dead, or that He is only a background figure. This is unfortunate, because only after realizing a God above God can one truly experience the courage to be....

Ethnicicty and minority relations essays

Ethnicicty and minority relations essays What do we mean by the social construction of identity? Any attempt to compare the suffering of the blacks and Jews would seem likely to be felled by the waves of invidious comparisons. That is because any such comparison is likely to be seen, however obliquely, as an endeavour to answer the question: which group has suffered more- blacks or Jews? Indicatively, this question could be perceived to address the point of not who suffered more, but why did they suffer? This can be answered in relation to the social construction of identity. The Jews and Blacks identities were socially identified and regarded by others as not belonging to the majority group during that historical period. So what do we mean when we talk about the social construction of identity? The concept of identity has always been blurred but in recent years, the study of identity has been greatly enhanced by cross-cultural studies in history, sociology, anthropology and psychology. The key point of departure for much discussion is the real world observation that nationalist, regional, racial and ethnic mobilisations are occurring globally and pervasively (Cohen, 1994). However, at the same time, within national, racial or regional units of identification, there are other kinds of groupings that are organised often on the social axes of age, gender, class, religion, race or disability that form their own identity. These too are claiming rights or advantages in the name of their particular social affiliation. Before we can begin to understand the social constructions of identity we need to analyse how and why these identities come to be assimilated in our society? Although identity construction may occur in any part of a society through social change and circumstance and of human interpretation and action, it must be noted that social construction occurs contingently upon the situation in which the ...

Socialization into Nursing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Socialization into Nursing - Essay Example Those involve carrying out treatments, monitoring equipment that may be used in the treatment of the patients, i.e. mechanical ventilators, as well as informing the doctor about the progress or decline of the patient. Apart from the patient, a nurse also has certain responsibly toward the family of the patient by telling them what their family member is going through, what treatment is required, and what precautions could be taken to avoid the illness in future. A nurse does everything possible for the care and betterment of the patient. Besides that, certain nurses are travelling nurses. They travel on airplanes or on ships to render services to the passengers. Some nurses also peruse the career of teaching in universities and share their experience with students wanting to peruse this career. So I think, after being a nurse, you can serve and take care of people in numerous ways. Thesis: I believe that nursing is another name for care and understanding. Further, I would describe th eories of Jean Watson's Philosophy of Nursing, which are very close to my theories and thoughts on nursing. Nursing Theorists Jean Watson's Philosophy of Nursing: Carative – The Theory of Human Caring Jean Watson’s theory of human caring is based on 4 theories of which 3 are discussed below. Human: A human is a creation who has every right to be respected, cared, assisted and nourished. He as a whole has every right to lead a healthy and stable life with full potential of exploring and living with dignity. He should be taken care of and taught what’s good for him, as he has certain major responsibilities to fulfill in this world. A human aims to life his life to the fullest, and a nurse’s responsibility towards him is to make him feel better when he is ill, by proper medication, treatment and by guiding him about the right way to live. He deserves to live a safe life, and a nurse should save him from all the bad habits, like tobacco and alcohol, if he is engaged in those dangerous things. Health: Jean Watson has made a huge contribution by adding three definitions of health in WHO. She considers health as a key to live a stable life. Health is something which makes a person survive in society with good physical and mental functioning. She believed that health is a key through which helps a human to do his day to day tasks effectively and fully. She believed that health means lack of illness. Nursing: In her theory, she explained that nursing is another name for care, and is meant to help the sick revive from illness, emphasizing on taking good care of health. Promoting good health and the treatment of illness and sickness is the name for nursing. Personal life philosophy I believe this life is given to every individual to find the right path that leads to God’s will. Relationships, feelings, career are all secondary, but finding the right path, building your faith strong, and feeding your soul with the love of god is primary. Nobody in this world should hold more importance in our life than God as he has blessed us with all we have today. Living a true, caring, selfless life will lead us to the right path which is accepted by God. The decisions I make to take my life further are solely based on whether God would like me do it or not. I don’t make those decisions which would be better for me for a short period of time. But take those which will benefit me through out my life time. I believe that no one is

Counselling Theory and Practice 2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Counselling Theory and Practice 2 - Essay Example session may emphasize on exploration of the clients childhood experiences, which may provide a rightful assessment of the clients reaction to challenging situations. Mostly, after careful analysis of these experiences, the counsellor will consider ways in which the client could adjust these reactions. Effective counselling will allow the client see situations with the much needed clarity essential for making positive steps towards changing their mindset towards challenging situations. The critical aim of counselling is enabling the client arrive at, and make their own decisions and act upon them accordingly, and does not involve any form of advice giving. In understanding the client centred approach, we first have to look at its architect, psychologist Carl Rodgers (1902- 1887) who made enormous steps in expounding his dislike in the way psychology treated people as object of study rather than individuals deserving respect and understanding(Merry, 2002, pg 2). This meant that the counsellor, needed to show attributes such as positive regard, empathy and congruence whenever a client sought help from them. The client centred approach is therefore defined as a precise from of interviewing in which the client only responds to questions asked by the counsellor, more like a direct interview rather than a discussion. Patterson (1985) however outlines a number of characteristics exhibited by the client centred approach that may either promote or limit it as a form of counselling A counsellor must have in mind the face that no two clients are similar or share the same train of thought and capability of handling difficult situations and experiences, owing to the fact that the way they will react to a situation is dependent on their personal experiences in the world. Therefore, it is very essential that the counsellor avoids instances of expecting his/her clients to react in a manner they would when faced with a similar situation. The role of a counsellor is primarily to

Response to the Movie Gallipoli Essay Example for Free

Response to the Movie Gallipoli Essay One of the interesting things about Australia’s history is that the nation was originally a colony of Great Britain. Over time they slowly acquired their independence without war or any kind of revolution, which is rare when looking through the past of many countries like the United States, Brazil and many other places. Although this might be seen as a good thing, the lack of a battle caused the nation’s identity to be pretty much nonexistent the following years after they were already considered their own nation. The movie Gallipoli illustrates how the World War I was important in helping Australia find their identity and create a sense of patriotism. Australian moviemaking had its highs and lows through the Twentieth Century. After the 1970’s, a new age of Australian films started to flow from the country and â€Å"historical films became the most visible internationally† (Bordwell 628). Gallipoli was a film made in 1981 by Peter Weir. The movie not only tells the story of two young men from Australia going to the war, but at also attempts to portray the Australian identity that many Australians had sought for many years. One of these identities is the mateship where today Australia is known. We can see that in the movie just by following the two main characters through their journey. Frank and Archy meet and suddenly they are best friends. Together, they move forward in the story and help each other to achieve common goals. When Frank joins the light horse because he finally reunites with Archy, his other â€Å"mates† get upset and do not approve of the fact that they are losing a friend. When they are reunited in the war zone, they are happy that they are together again. This goes on to display the whole idea of war and patriotism. The movie is also very clear when trying to show the several landscapes that Australia has to offer. We see the city, where the shots are not so wide so all the buildings are closer together giving an overcrowded feeling while in contrast we see the countryside where the viewer sees vast deserts. Right at the beginning where Archy is betting to race with one of the character, we see the desert and how it stretches for miles and miles, while racing he still goes through trees and a stream exposing the diversity one can find in Australia. There are also shots of mountains, those shots are very wide and portray the grandiosity of the country. We also see the relationship of Australians and the Indians represented by Archy’s friend from his hometown. In the movie we also see how joining the British to go to the war was a way of supporting Australia, reinforcing their patriotism and defending their country. One of the character says that the reason they area going to join the British in Turkey, is because â€Å"if we don’t stop them there, they will end up here† (Gallipoli 1981). The young men going to the war were happy that they were able to fight for the country. After they arrive at the beach in Gallipoli, we see them having fun, even though they are at a war zone and their lives are on the line. When they finally get to fight, we hear them shouting that they are doing this for Australia. Towards the end of the movie we see pride and dignity contrasting with and the suffering of being at the war. World War I was important in helping Australian creating their identity. The movie Gallipoli not only explores how the World War I was responsible in creating the Australian identity but also explore other national that today are a representation of that country, like of example the idea of mateship that today is worldwide know to be part of the Australian culture. The viewer also sees the richness of the Australian landscape like the cities, the countryside, and the nature with mountains, deserts, forests and rivers. The movie also shows how the war was important in enforcing their patriotism for their country by showing the young men going to war as happy as they can be, proud that they are able to fight for their country. It is ironic to see how Australia had a pacific independence however they were only able to find their identity after they went to fight in a war.

The Three Little Pigs (From The Wolfs Point Of View) :: essays research papers

The Wolf Who Wanted a Friend One day I was walking through the meadow, feeling very sad and lonely. I wanted a friend to spend time with. My mother sent me out to play, but I couldn't find anyone to play with. I looked everywhere until I came to a house made out of straw. I knocked on the straw door, and a little pig answered and told me to go away! I thought that was very rude of him. I told the little pig that I wanted to come inside and play. The little pig said, "Not by the hairs of my chinny chin chin!" I was so sad. Just as I was about to walk away my dumb allergies started acting up. I sneezed so hard that I blew the house down. The little pig ran away and I ran after him, trying to tell him I was sorry. He ran to his brother's house and I knocked again. This time they both told me to go away. I almost cried! I just wanted to play with them. They told me, "Not by the hairs of our chinny, chin, chin!" I turned to walk away and just then, I sneezed so hard that my hat blew off my head. I turned back to get my hat and sneezed again! This time I blew the house of sticks down. I was so embarrassed! My friends, the pigs, came running out of the rubble, and scampered away. I ran after them to ask if they wanted to play catch. They ran into another house. This one was really nice. It was made out of bricks. I knocked on the door and they told me to go away again! I started to cry. When I cry a lot, I sneeze a lot. I sneezed and sneezed and sneezed some more. I heard them laugh at me! I started to get mad and wanted to tell them to stop, so I climbed on to the roof of their house and tried to yell into their chimney, but I slipped and fell right in.

What Motivates Obama?

Mr. Sampson Psychology 6 November 2012 What motivates Obama? Barack Obama, the first African-American president, can in some ways be an inspiration to many people. But, many people do become curious about what motivates Barack Obama. Many people would not be able to try and run for the most responsible and prestigious job in the world, especially if you were under the circumstances that Obama underwent. Understanding theories of motivation can help us understand why people choose to do the things they do. First, looking at Barack Obama's personality will help us to understand a little more about him. Obama is a very charismatic speaker.He tends to speak on a level where many can understand him. Obama is a well-known writer and has spent time as a civil rights attorney, as well as a Constitutional law professor and served seven years as an Illinois state senator. To many, all of this success would have seemed out of reach. Obama was born from a white mother and a black father. This wa s at a time when interracial unions were not liked. Barack's mother raised him because his father left them when Obama was only two years old. He lived in Indonesia for a bit with his mother before moving in with his grandparents when he was ten years old.Barack's grandparents lived in Hawaii at the time. We must look at certain theories of motivation. First, the phsychoanalytic view, or better known as Freud's theory of motivation, can be used. The theory can be brought down to four basic propositions. They are the principles of (1) determinism, (2) drive, (3) conflict, and (4) the Montalbano 2 unconscious. Obama may have had an instinct to succeed and may have fought hard to climb to the top of the career ladder, but Obama's fate may have already been chosen by an unseen force.His actual instinct may have been something different, but society deemed the way he went to be the way to succeed. The closest thing to satisfy the instinct in today's world may have been success in his car eer. Aggression may have had a role as well. Obama was unable to vent his aggression in a way that society deemed appropriate. He may have fueled his drive to succeed with it. Conflicts within himself may have started when he felt that he could not have other things that others had, being African-American in a time of racial inequalities.This may have led to Obama's motivation as well. His unconscious may have also led him to be anxious and to let out his anxiety by striving for success. Another theory of motivation is the humanistic view. From the humanistic perspective, the supreme motivator is the striving to actualize and perfect the self. Obama wanted to make himself the best that he could be, wanting to break racial barriers along the way. He wanted to show everyone his full potential. Obama did this by growing as a person, putting to use what he was best at and learned how to be good at other things as well.Obama wanted to be liked and accepted by others. He showed that he wa nted that by being a public servant and help to others. His motivation started by his needs. He obviously needed to start working for basic necessities. This grew into belonging, self-esteem needs, and finally self-actualization needs. These steps are from the hierarchy or Maslow's Need Hierarchy. Last, but not least, is the diversity view. This is another theory of motivation. This theory argues that human beings are motivated by many different things. Obama was motivated because of his race.He wanted to prove his worth to others. Maybe he was motivated for his wealth, or Montalbano 3 he was encouraged by those around him. It could have been a mixture of things. Many things can influence a person to do the things that they do. A person is motivated by basic needs. Obama was motivated to run for the presidency because he needed to feel accepted by others. The press is a situation for need expression in the environment. When others encouraged Obama, he found himself a likely candidat e for the presidency. This further fulfilled his need for acceptance.The more he was encouraged, the more he felt that need fulfilled. He felt accepted. This is also seen as tension-reduction. Wanting to achieve and be successful is one of Obama's psychogenic needs. In conclusion, many theories of motivation can be applied when you try to see the reasoning behind Barack Obama's decision to run for president of the United States. Without some motivation, Barack Obama may have not become anyone of any importance at all. The psychoanalytic view, humanistic view, and diversity view have all helped Obama with him becoming the president. Works Cited Barack Obamamotivation. † Barack Obama Motivation. N. p. , n. d. Web. 05 Nov. 2012. . â€Å"Theories of Motivation. † Theories of Motivation. N. p. , n. d. Web. 05 Nov. 2012. . â€Å"The Personality Analyst. † Does President Obama Have the Motivation to Succeed? N. p. , n. d. Web. 05 Nov. 2012. .

Inventory System Essay

With our fast-paced developing society, many of our institutions optimize to perform their procedures in a computerized manner. They consider this as a great reliable process to lean on. They believe that this method will help them catch-up with this quick changing situations that they encounter each day. However, it is hard to imagine that many of us still stick to the manual method knowing that computerized system is just there waiting for them to take advantage of. There are several reasons that are forcing them to be stuck with to this traditional system. One of these is illiteracy; no one in this world is unable to understand and adapt to the computerized system if it will be properly introduced and taught. Another one is being doubtful with the system; they believe that manual system can perform less error than an automated system. But as the years goes by, a number of certain works have grown indicating that the manual method is not practical and efficient anymore. Nowadays, people have become more conscious with their time and they find essential ways on how they can do such work in less time or how they can do their number of works at the same time. This study is aimed at developing a computerized system for a barangay that still practices a traditional way of creating a Barangay Clearance and management of database. We will do this by incorporating the technology of using camera and stylus pen for creating a Barangay Clearance. We will also use the computer to properly manage their files. By using our system, their barangay employees can have fast, more practical and efficient way of doing their tasks. This chapter will provide an overview of the study, present general and specific objectives, state the scope and limitations, and give its significance. Background of the Study Barangay Molino VI was formed by Governor Juanito Remulla, it was then only the Soldiers Hills IV Subdivision, which was comprised of four (4) phases. The first appointed Barangay Chairman was Mr. Reu Lucio Samaco. He was appointed by then Governor Juanito Remulla. The first Sangguniang Barangay Officials were the Homeowners Association Officers of the four phases of the Subdivision. The legality of the appointment of Mr. Reu Lucio Samaco was questionable at that time, since he was in active service in the military consequently; Mayor Victor Miranda then appointed Mr. Tarsicio Dalman and assumed the office of the Barangay Chairman. After two years of assuming as interim Barangay Official, a Barangay Election was held in 1994. Thus, Mr. Tarsicio Dalman ran for the position of a Barangay Chairman and won. Together with his Barangay Kagawad officials who also won were Antero Anero, Wilfredo Arjinal, Mario Cruz, Joey Eslao, Jose Virrey, Remedios Prospero and Amante Isla. They were the first elected Sangguniang Barangay Council. The first elected Sangguniang Kabataan Chairman was Amil Rasuman and the Appointed Secretary was Gloria Galve and likewise the Barangay Treasurer was Evelyn Soriano. In 1997, another Barangay Election was held, another victory again for Mr. Tarsicio Dalman as Barangay Chairman. He served the Barangay Molino VI until his untimely death December in 2000. The first elected Kagawad then assumed the Barangay Chairmanship was Ms. Remedios Prospero. It was in the term of Kapitana Remy, as she was fondly called by her constituents that Barangay Molino VI ballooned in terms of population, housing, and small business. As of now, Barangay Molino VI is composed of four Subdivisions: the Soldiers Hills IV Subdivision which comprises of four phases, BF el Grande Homes II, BF Topman Homes II, and Woodwinds Village with a total population of 17,000. We have also identified depressed areas which are located around the perimeter of the subdivision, named as Maralit Compound, ARC Compound, the Creekside, Manggahan Alonzo Area, the Block 16 Hicban Area and Block 12 Barracks. The dominant religion in this barangay is the Roman Catholic which is about fifty percent, the Iglesia Ni Cristo about 25 percent and the remaining percentage is divided among the Protestants, Jehovah Witnesses, and Islam respectively. The researcher of this study proposed a system named Design and Development of a Computerized Barangay Clearance with Information System for Barangay Molino VI that will help the barangay constituents. To properly manage their files in a computerized manner create a process of Barangay Clearance done in a more efficient way. This system will be helpful for the maintaining, searching, and storing of records of those residents that have past incident reports. This will help barangay employees to do their work in a faster and more reliable process. Theoretical Framework As Carlos Richard A. Bawalan, Edgar C. Miguel, Ma. Carmela M. Reyes and John Frederick Sia Sy stated in their study entitled â€Å"Faculty Tracking Device† â€Å"Nowadays, we are dependent on computers from simple to complicated computation, from small to big business and many more. Computers are here to stay and will continue to increase its influence in the lives of many people, throughout the future. Different transactions are made easy through a computer companies which are using computers especially to their databases. Companies believe that through computerization, they save time and effort and they are sure that their work is accurate and reliable.† As new programming languages have developed, features have been added that let programmers express ideas that are more remote from simple translation into underlying hardware instructions. Because programmers are less tied to the complexity of the computer, their programs can do more computing with less effort from the programmer. â€Å"The process of preparing programs for a digital computer is especially attractive, not only because it can be economically and scientifically rewarding, but also because it can be an aesthetic experience.† -Donald Knuth However, testing by itself does not improve software quality. Test results are indicators of quality, but in and of themselves, they don’t improve it. Try to improve software quality by increasing the amount of testing; the software development techniques you use determine how many errors testing will find. If you want to improve your software, don’t test more; develop better. â€Å"A program is never less than 90% complete, and never more than 95% complete.† – Terry Baker Lastly, computerized systems are not really perfect or we can say that a perfect computerized system does not exist. We have chosen this as one of our principles because we cannot prevent criticisms from the users of our system especially those with people who are not really knowledgeable about the capabilities or limited capabilities of a computerized system. We can promise them improvement, but not absolute perfection. â€Å"If we think across so many different scenarios, the way they were typically done a few years ago and the way they will typically be done a few years from now, it will show a dramatic change†¦ We are developing software that’s in the car, in the phone, of course in the PC, the set-up box, the watch. All the places where software can run, we want to make sure that we do the best we can to make that connect up and to make it seamless.† – Bill Gates As emphasized by Bill Gates, the owner and founder of Microsoft Network, we have a need for computerization to be able to compete with other countries and demonstrate their potential when it comes to globalization. Aside from most of the possible gadgets to be automated, Mr. Gates envisions greater means in enhancing one’s chance in becoming successful. Truly, this experienced entrepreneur and Information Technology magnate has the ideologies of the best chances and ways in achieving the betterment of different business industries. â€Å"With the renewed business confidence, we intend to promote the country as the e-service hub of Asia and seize the I.T.’s potent opportunity for growth and development. The government and the private sector have developed the electronic commerce action agenda or ISP.com to achieve this objective. The ISP.com is a comprehensive strategy to develop an environment conducive for the investment in, and growth of E-commerce. The plan identifies a focus market where Filipino companies can concentrate to maximize inherent advantages of the country’s human resource† – Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo Obviously, the former President wants the Filipinos to realize that it is never too late to discover and learn the possible advantages that we can gain from adopting Information Technology (I.T.) for various businesses. To be sure, great innovation can take place if the country will just communicate and seek the assistance of people who are knowledgeable when it comes to enhancing I.T possibilities. Definitely, our country needs to wake up and see the great possibilities I.T. can bring, once it is being employed.

Concentrated Animal Feeding Operation (CAFO)

Concentrated Animal Feeding Operation (CAFO) Although the term is sometimes used loosely to refer to any factory farm, Concentrated Animal Feeding Operation (CAFO) is a designation by the United States Environmental Protection Agency meaning any operation in which animals are fed in confined spaces, but specifically those which store a large number of animals and produce a large amount of water and manure waste as well as contributing pollutants to the surrounding environment. The disambiguation of the term CAFO from AFO can be a bit confusing, but the main focus of the distinction lies in the size and impact of the operation, with CAFO being worse all around - which is why it is often associated with all factory farms, even if they dont meet EPA standards to qualify as a CAFO. The Legal Definition According to the EPA, an Animal Feeding Operation (AFO) is an operation in which animals are kept and raised in confined situations. AFOs congregate animals, feed, manure and urine, dead animals, and production operations on a small land area. Feed is brought to the animals rather than the animals grazing or otherwise seeking feed in pastures, fields, or on rangeland. CAFOs are AFOs that fall under one of the EPAs definitions of Large, Medium or Small CAFOs, depending on the number of animals involved, how wastewater and manure are managed, and whether the operation is a significant contributor of pollutants. Although nationally accepted as a federal mandate, state governments can choose whether or not to enforce punishments and restrictions the EPA sets on these facilities. However, a repeated lack of compliance  with EPA regulations or repeat excessive pollution from factory farms could result in a federal case against the company in question. The Problem with CAFO Animal rights activists and environmentalists alike argue against the continued use of factory farms, especially those that qualify under the EPA as Concentrated Animal Feeding Operations. These farms produce an inordinate amount of pollution and animal waste as well as consuming large amounts of crops, manpower, and energy to maintain.   Furthermore, the harsh conditions animals kept in these CAFO are often seen as violating the basic rights U.S. citizens believe animals are entitled to - although the Animal Welfare Act  excludes farms from classification and investigation from their agencies.   Another issue with commercial animal farming is that the population of cattle, chickens, and pigs cannot be maintained at the current rate of global consumption. Either the food used to nourish cows to edible health will disappear or the cattle themselves will be overeaten and eventually go the way of the Wooly Mammoth - extinct.

Biography of Lorraine Hansberry, Playwright and Activist

Biography of Lorraine Hansberry, Playwright and Activist Lorraine Hansberry (May 19, 1930–January 12, 1965) was a playwright, essayist, and civil rights activist. She is best  known for  writing A Raisin in the Sun, the first play by a black woman produced on Broadway.  Her civil rights work and writing career were cut short by her death from pancreatic cancer at age 34. Fast Facts: Lorraine Hansberry Known For:  Lorraine Hansberry was a black playwright, essayist, and activist best known for writing A Raisin in the Sun.Also Known As:  Lorraine Vivian HansberryBorn:  May 19, 1930  in Chicago, IllinoisParents: Carl Augustus Hansberry and Nannie Perry HansberryDied:  January 12, 1965 in New York CityEducation: University of Wisconsin, Roosevelt College, School of Art Institute, New School for Social ResearchPublished Works:  A Raisin in the Sun, The Drinking Gourd, To Be Young, Gifted, and Black: Lorraine Hansberry in Her Own Words, The Sign in Sidney Brusteins Window, Les BlancsAwards and Honors:  New York Drama Critics Circle Award for  A Raisin in the Sun, Cannes Film Festival special award for A Raisin in the Sun (screenplay), Tony Award for Best MusicalSpouse(s): Robert Nemiroff (m. 1953–1964)Notable Quote: [T]hough it be a thrilling and marvelous thing to be merely young and gifted in such times, it is doubly so, doubly dynamic, to be young, gifted  an d black! Early Life The granddaughter of a freed slave, Lorraine Hansberry was born into a family that was active in the black community of Chicago. She was raised in an atmosphere suffused with activism and intellectual rigor. Her uncle William Leo Hansberry was a professor of African history. Visitors to her childhood home included such black luminaries as Duke Ellington, W.E.B. Dubois, Paul Robeson, and Jesse Owens. When she was 8 years old, Hansberrys family moved house and desegregated a white neighborhood that had a restrictive covenant. Though there were violent protests, they did not move out until a court ordered them to do so. The case made it to the U.S. Supreme Court as Hansberry v. Lee, when their case was overturned, but on a technicality. The decision is nevertheless considered to have been an early weakening in the restrictive covenants that enforced segregation nationally. One of Lorraine Hanberrys brothers served in a segregated unit in World War II. Another brother refused his draft call, objecting to segregation and discrimination in the military. Education Lorraine Hansberry attended the University of Wisconsin for two years and she briefly attended the Art Institute in Chicago, where she studied painting. Desiring to pursue her longtime interest in writing and theater, she then moved to New York to attend the New School for Social Research. She also began work for Paul Robesons progressive black newspaper Freedom, first as a writer and then an associate editor. She attended the Intercontinental Peace Congress in Montevideo, Uruguay, in 1952, when Paul Robeson was denied a passport to attend. Marriage Hansberry met Jewish publisher and activist Robert Nemiroff on a picket line and they were married in 1953, spending the night before their wedding protesting the execution of the Rosenbergs. With support from her husband, Lorraine Hansberry left her position at Freedom, focusing mostly on her writing and taking a few temporary jobs. She soon joined the first lesbian civil rights organization in the U.S., Daughters of Bilitis, contributing letters about womens and gay rights to their magazine,  The Ladder. She wrote under an alias, using her initials L.H., for fear of discrimination. At this time, she and her husband separated, but they continued to work together. After her death, he became the executor for her unfinished manuscripts. A Raisin in the Sun Lorraine Hansberry completed her first play in 1957, taking her title from Langston Hughes poem, Harlem. What happens to a dream deferred?Does it dry up like a raisin in the sun?Or fester like a sore- and then run? A Raisin in the Sun is about a struggling black family in Chicago and draws heavily from the lives of the working-class tenants who rented from her father. There are strong influences from her own family on the characters as well. â€Å"Beneatha is me, eight years ago,† she explained. Hansberry began to circulate the play, trying to interest producers, investors, and actors. Sidney Poitier expressed interest in taking the part of the son, and soon a director and other actors (including Louis Gossett, Ruby Dee, and Ossie Davis) were committed to the performance. A Raisin in the Sun opened on Broadway at the Barrymore Theatre on March 11, 1959. The play, with themes both universally human and specifically about racial discrimination and sexist attitudes, was successful and won a Tony Award for Best Musical. Within two years, it was translated into 35 different languages and was performed all over the world. A screenplay soon followed, to which Lorraine Hansberry added more scenes to the story- none of which Columbia Pictures allowed into the film. Later Work   Lorraine Hansberry was commissioned to write a television drama on slavery, which she completed as The Drinking Gourd, but it was not produced. Moving with her husband to Croton-on-Hudson, Lorraine Hansberry continued not only her writing but also her involvement with civil rights and other political protests. In 1964, The Movement: Documentary of a Struggle for Equality was published for SNCC (Student  Nonviolent Coordinating Committee) with text by Hansberry. In October, Lorraine Hansberry moved back into New York City as her new play, The Sign in Sidney Brusteins Window began rehearsals. Although critical reception was cool, supporters kept it running until Lorraine Hansberrys death in January. Death Hansberry was diagnosed with pancreatic cancer in 1963 and she died two years later on January 12, 1965, at age 34.  Hansberrys funeral was held in Harlem and Paul Robeson and SNCC organizer James Forman  gave eulogies. Legacy As a young, black woman, Hansberry was a groundbreaking artist, recognized for her strong, passionate voice on gender, class, and racial issues. She was the first black playwright and youngest American to win a New York Critics’ Circle award. She and her words were the inspiration for Nina Simones song To Be Young Gifted and Black. In 2017, she was inducted into the National Womens Hall of Fame.  In 2018, a new American Masters documentary,  Lorraine Hansberry: Sighted Eyes/Feeling Heart, was released, by filmmaker Tracy Heather Strain. Sources â€Å"Lorraine Hansberry, Creator of A Raisin in the Sun.†Ã‚  Literary Ladies Guide.â€Å"Lorraine Hansberry Biography.†Ã‚  Chicago Public Library.McKissack, Patricia C. and Fredrick L.  Young, Black and Determined: A Biography of Lorraine Hansberry. Holiday House, 1998.

Literary Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Literary - Research Paper Example Chopin’s sotry tells the readers about a husband’s suffocating grip on a woman’s life. In the story, the husband has not been presented in a direct negative light; rather a husband’s care and kindness for a wife ironically prove to be harmful for a wife. The irony lies in the fact that in a patriarchal society, no matter how much a husband tries to be kind like Mrs. Mallard’s husband in â€Å"Story of an Hour†, they are â€Å"the patriarchal annihilators of the women’s freedom† (Cunningham 52). Chopin does not tell her readers anything clearly about why the heroine of the story cannot explain her complacence and ecstasy at her husband’s death. Rather the author simply presents a small fragment of a woman’s life that provokes a reader to read the story as a sequel to his or her own real life. Obviously Chopin’s story will be endowed with a greater meaning, if Mrs. Mallard’s forbidden joy of independenc e is perceived in a real life setting. In a real life setting, Mrs. Mallard is like most other common women who, having no economic independence, cannot but depend on their husbands. Therefore, they are compelled to obey their husbands while suppressing their own desires (Stein 31; Deneau 211). Indeed, it is the patriarchal society that keeps them away from any self-supporting activities; that wants them to be loyal to their husband, and that punishes them and also endows the male counterparts with a power to reprimand and punish their wives in cases of the violation of the behavior codes that women are expected to follow. Also it is the patriarchal society that can confine women within the four walls of their husbands’ house. Nicole Smith refers to Mrs. Mallard’s confinement as following: â€Å"The world outside of her own bedroom is only minimally described, but the world inside of her mind is lively and well described by the narrator. The window outside of her room is alive and vibrant like her mind, while everything about her physically is cloistered† (1). In such a patriarchal setting, Mrs. Mallard is really lucky enough to get a husband like Brently who is kind and loving to her. So Mrs. Mallard know that she should not feel the joy at her husband’s possible death. Yet she cannot but feel â€Å"the ecstasy since her joy at the death of husband as an imposer of restriction is far more higher than her sorrow at the death of husband as a sympathizer† (Stein 28-9). In her story, Chopin deals with the same story of a woman’s lack of freedom in a round-about way. In contradiction to others’ expectation Mrs. Mallard senses the gush of complacent freedom hearing the news of her husband’s death. She feels sad. But concurrently she also feels the complacence at her oncoming freedom, as the narrator describes Mrs. Mallard’s joy in the following manner: â€Å"There was something coming to her and she wa s waiting for it, fearfully. What was it? She did not know; it was too subtle and elusive to name† (Chopin, â€Å"Story of an Hour†). At the news of Bentley’s death, she feels the prospect of living a life of enormous freedom and joy. But since in patriarchy a woman is not accustomed to express herself freely, she fears even to acknowledge the source of mirth and ecstasy. Though â€Å"she was striving to beat it back with her will† (Chopin, â€Å"the Story of an Hour†), she fails to do so. Indeed it is her self-realization and her acknowledgement that the death of her husband and the prospect of

Explain the relationship betweenTeam Learning and Shared Vision Term Paper - 1

Explain the relationship betweenTeam Learning and Shared Vision - Term Paper Example ave its basis on the cognitive capabilities of every individual that varies according to history of psychological patterns as expressed by many theories, specifically the Psycho Dynamic Theory (Klein, 1998). In contrast, team learning is a vast concept with huge nitty-gritty involved in it. It requires extensive effort and investment of a lot of time to lead a team through a learning process. Since, there are many individuals who have to go through distinct cognitive processes unique than the rest, the learning process is extensive with many endorsements to get things clear on part of every individual. Thus, it reaches a high level of complexity that could mean excessive repetition for some individuals if they are quick learners and can readily adapt to a change. Moreover, to add to the complexity in a team-learning environment, every individual happens to have a distinct social, cultural, psychological, religious, and psychosocial background. These factors have unique and strong impact over the lives of those individuals and these factors influence the way they carry themselves in different lifestyles. Their thinking capabilities and cognition are usually shaped by these factors since their brought up and lifestyle depend on them. Therefore, a team of diversified individuals with distinctive lifestyles and culture are very much difficult to handle making it difficult to impart something to them homogeneously. On the contrary, in an individual learning, the specific person is considered as a unit; however, in team learning, the whole team is a unit. Thus, it does not matter if half of the members work effectively and the other half does not; the only thing that could make them successful would be every individual putting up good efforts and collaborating with each other’s aptitudes to achieve something, which is aspired and pursued by all of them (Gorelick, Milton & April, 2004). Coming towards the second concept, let the paper analyze what the concept

Kateryna by Taras Shevchenko Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Kateryna by Taras Shevchenko - Essay Example The essay "Kateryna by Taras Shevchenko" explores the painting by Ukrainian artist Taras Shevchenko, Katerina. Shevchenko painted this painting during Austria, Hungary, and Russia. Austria and Hungary took over the Polish regions, Romania, and other Western territories of the Ukraine. Tsarist Russia occupied the Eastern Ukraine. Kateryna is set in a time where Ukrainians were forbidden to explore their culture through language or art. Several of Shevchenko’s paintings were done in exile. The cultural aspect of the Ukrainian dress on the woman to the peasant sitting on the ground shows the plight of the Ukrainian nature at the time. The Ukrainians were poor and conquered, but never defeated. The Russian riding a horse shows the powerfulness of the Russian soldiers and symbolizes the mighty country. This style is romanticism. The idea of throwing off aristocratic views with paintings depicting strong emotion is exemplified in Kateryna. The strong emotions of a seduced or raped w oman carrying an illegitimate child tug at most individuals’ emotions. Shevchenko wanted to cause outrage and anger against the occupying soldiers of Russia and the Tsarist government in general. The light colors also are considered a trait of the Romanticism era. Kateryna has a barefooted peasant girl in the forefront with a beggar at her feet. A dark animal jumps a little to her left. In the background is a large tree to the right. A windmill was placed in the top left corner. Between the windmill and girl is a Russian soldier.

Energy Drink Lab Report Essay Example for Free

Energy Drink Lab Report Essay As a result of conducting various qualitative chemical analysis tests, Monster Energy  ® was found to contain a large amount of reducing sugars and NaCl. It was found to be void of proteins and lipids. Further, Canada Dry  ® gingerale was found to contain a large amount of reducing sugars, while being void of protein, lipids and NaCl. The components of the Monster Energy drink tested were quite congruent to the components found in the other energy drinks. The exceptions, however, were that SugarFree Rockstar, like the name suggests, contains no traces of sugar, unlike Monster Energy. Also, unlike other energy drinks, Monster Energy contained detectable traces of sodium chloride. The components of gingerale were also quite similar to the components found in other beverages. However, it contained no protein or lipids, unlike chocolate milk, and had a large amount of simple sugars, unlike Vitamin Water and Tea. In short, the chemical assays do not fully support the marketing claims made by the energy drink producers. They show that none of the energy drinks tested contain proteins, which build, maintain and help replace tissues in the body. Also, all energy drinks (with the exception of Sugar Free Rockstar) showed that these drinks contain large amounts of simple (reducing) sugars. None of the energy drinks contain fats, which actually provide the body with 2x the amount of energy per gram than carbohydrates and proteins. Finally, Monster Energy was the only drink that contained NaCl. Through research, it was found that NaCl maintains the â€Å"sodium-potassium pump† in the body. This important mechanism consists of the sodium ion (an electrolyte) going into cells and potassium coming out, which then releases energy. These conclusions go to show that, while the energy drink â€Å"producers† claim to offer a product rich in energy-inducing ingredients, they have not, by any mea ns, included a fuller scope of  nutrients that would truly have the potential to bring energy. Whereas their claims range from â€Å"being the meanest energy supplement on the planet† to â€Å"increasing endurance, concentration and reaction speed,† really, sugar is the only thing that appears consistently in detectable amounts, being a source of very temporary, short-term energy. It could be helpful to have tested to for amino acids see whether there was a detectable quantity of amino acids in the energy drinks. Amino acids being the components of proteins, it is inferred that they are more easily absorbed that proteins. Perhaps knowing whether there was a detectable quantity of amino acids could also contribute to the idea of the effectiveness/ ineffectiveness of the energy drinks. A possible test that could be done here is the â€Å"Ninhydrin Test.† Ninhydrin detects ammonia and the amine groups in amino acids. So, in the presence of â€Å"free† amino acids, Ninhydrin would turn purple. Conclusion and Evaluation Given what I’ve learned in this lab, I believe that I would not ever purchase the energy drinks available on the market. Surely, they are advertised as being infused with exotic herbal extracts, powerful vitamins, and the like; however, today’s lab showed that the only ingredient the energy drinks provide in abundance is sugar. For the price it costs to purchase a drink scarcely containing energy-providing substances (ex. proteins, lipids, etc.) other than sugar, I believe it is economically â€Å"not worth it†. Besides, drinking such great quantities of extra sugar is quite counter-productive and likely to cause weight gain in itself. I cannot consider energy drinks a â€Å"natural alternative† to either sports drinks (like Gatorade) or energy-providing foods, and will thus stay away from these blatantly consumed â€Å"energy† drinks. Sources of Error, Suggestions for Improvement This qualitative chemical analysis of energy drinks lab was well conducted. Many variables were kept constant (such as the volume of energy drink being tested each time, the room temperature, and the time waited before recording final observations, etc.). This helped in eliminating sources of both random  and systematic error. To improve this lab, perhaps a spot-plate or even a petri dish could be used in doing the Biuret Test, the Benedict’s Test and the Silver Nitrate Test. With the energy drink sample being tested in these apparatuses, a greater surface area of the sample would be exposed to the â€Å"testing solution†- as opposed to the narrow test tube. It is known that an increase in surface area increases the rate of reaction; thus using spot-plates would ensure a greater reaction â€Å"completion† by the time final observations are recorded (Note: the waiting time for recording observations is kept constant: 2 minutes). Results would be more obvious, in terms of physical appearance, and can be assumed to be more accurate when using both the smaller volume of energy drink and a spot plate to contain it.

Ambition, Greed, Power, and Wealth in Shakespeares Macbeth :: GCSE English Literature Coursework

Greed for Power and Wealth in Macbeth  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚        Ã‚   The play Macbeth, by William Shakespeare illustrates how greed for power and wealth can result in the destruction of oneself as well as others.   The play's central character, Macbeth is not happy as a high-ranking thane - leading him to assassinate Duncan to become King, while unknowingly dooming himself.   Throughout the play many examples are evident of Macbeth's unquenchable thirst for power.        Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   At the beginning of the play, Macbeth was a kind and gentle person.   The only time he killed is when he was in battle.   Macbeth was loyal to the King (Duncan), and did as he wished.   In battle, he kills a traitor to the Scotland who was a high ranking individual.   For killing the traitor so bravely, Macbeth is awarded the title the Thane of Cawdor. The irony of this situation is that the title first did indeed belonged to 'a most disloyal traitor'(pg. 3, line 53). As Macbeth heads home with his new title and a lot more ambition. This is mainly because of the three witches who tell him he will be king.   With this new ambition, Macbeth did not know what to think and he wrote a letter to his wife.   By Macbeth writing this letter it showed at this stage he was still loyal because he still was sharing everything with his wife.   Macbeth at this point still did not have a lust for power.           Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   What drove him to become a power hungry tyrant was his wife.   She put ideas in his head that changed him.   A day before Macbeth would not speak of the idea of killing the king and now he was considering it.   By killing the Duncan, gaining the title and king, and not being caught, Macbeth was given an enormous boost.   He now felt invincible and let power finally get to him and corrupt him.   With this new amount of power, Macbeth was not willing to let it slip away.   To protect his power, he did whatever was necessary.   Macbeth cowardly had Banquo killed, going against everything he ever believed in.   Killing Banquo was not enough for Macbeth.   Shakespeare shows to the audience how power can make a person go higher in the world but at the same time make them more vulnerable.   Macbeth was now vulnerable, to solve this he sent the murderers to kill Macduff.

Race and notions of intellectual inferiority in America Essay

Introduction In public schools, it could not be denied that the administrations prioritize the needs of the White American students. Aside from the reason that the place of the institution is the so-called White’s territory, the administration, being diverse consider the White American students to be more superior among the other students. In this regard, they are able to provide the needs of the White students amply compared to how they are able to provide for those others who belong to minor races. Not to mention that these minor students belong to the ‘poor sector’ of the society, they are less taken care of by their administrative officers. Of course, knowing that the public schools cater to such type of students, the government of the United States sees to it that the said educational institutions are able to get the possible funds that could be used in utilizing some psychological applications and therapeutic health remedies that could be made available for the students. However, as clearly stated earlier, the administration of the schools, as the ‘trustees’ of the fund are given the responsibility to provide for their students directly. Due to the discriminative attitude of several administrative officers, these services are not equally distributed and accessed by the students. Usually, the ones who are able to have full benefits of the said provisions are only the White students and their family. Psychologists claim that such neglect of student need does not only display a clear picture of racial inequality but also aggravates the situation of the students who are less serviced well. Hence, instead of being progressively taught by concerned educators, minorities are left behind to learn things on their own, which they could not obviously do because of their difficulties in learning. It may not be as obvious as it stated in this study, but actual situations suggest the fact that discriminative measures that institutional administrations of the public schools usually overlook this need. As a result, their role in assisting the children enrolled in their institution is not completely realized. Worse case scenario suggests that the aggravation of such situations leads to deeper social depression that may not be obvious, but is felt by the students under the condition of having a learning disability and belonging to a minor race in the society. As these young learners grow up they begin to see the actual results of social divide. During most periods of history, civil rights granted by governments were often altered or withdrawn at will, which led to continued struggles for freedom of speech. Starting in the middle ages, some of the people demanded a written statement spelling out their rights, with limitations placed on government control of those rights. As a result, significant bills of rights began to be formulated. Among these was the Magna Carta, a landmark in the field of human rights. Dealing with human rights issues have always been the main core of debate among social enthusiasts within the American region. The respect for life and the right for living that every individual is entitled to has long been a withholding topic that almost everyone is highly concerned about. Within the American history, human rights issues have also been the reason why there existed several civil movements against the state during the early decades of development within the said society. To be able to examine how these issues primarily affects the present American society and its relationship with American-African minorities, relating the situation with history of the relationship that existed between the two races is essential for discussion.